When using LiDAR semantic segmentation models for safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving, it is essential to understand and improve their robustness with respect to a large range of LiDAR corruptions. In this paper, we aim to comprehensively analyze the robustness of LiDAR semantic segmentation models under various corruptions. To rigorously evaluate the robustness and generalizability of current approaches, we propose a new benchmark called SemanticKITTI-C, which features 16 out-of-domain LiDAR corruptions in three groups, namely adverse weather, measurement noise and cross-device discrepancy. Then, we systematically investigate 11 LiDAR semantic segmentation models, especially spanning different input representations (e.g., point clouds, voxels, projected images, and etc.), network architectures and training schemes. Through this study, we obtain two insights: 1) We find out that the input representation plays a crucial role in robustness. Specifically, under specific corruptions, different representations perform variously. 2) Although state-of-the-art methods on LiDAR semantic segmentation achieve promising results on clean data, they are less robust when dealing with noisy data. Finally, based on the above observations, we design a robust LiDAR segmentation model (RLSeg) which greatly boosts the robustness with simple but effective modifications. It is promising that our benchmark, comprehensive analysis, and observations can boost future research in robust LiDAR semantic segmentation for safety-critical applications.

Crowdsourcing, in which human intelligence and productivity is dynamically mobilized to tackle tasks too complex for automation alone to handle, has grown to be an important research topic and inspired new businesses (e.g., Uber, Airbnb). Over the years, crowdsourcing has morphed from providing a platform where workers and tasks can be matched up manually into one which leverages data-driven algorithmic management approaches powered by artificial intelligence (AI) to achieve increasingly sophisticated optimization objectives. In this paper, we provide a survey presenting a unique systematic overview on how AI can empower crowdsourcing - which we refer to as AI-Empowered Crowdsourcing(AIEC). We propose a taxonomy which divides algorithmic crowdsourcing into three major areas: 1) task delegation, 2) motivating workers, and 3) quality control, focusing on the major objectives which need to be accomplished. We discuss the limitations and insights, and curate the challenges of doing research in each of these areas to highlight promising future research directions.

With the development of gene sequencing technology, an explosive growth of gene data has been witnessed. And the storage of gene data has become an important issue. Traditional gene data compression methods rely on general software like G-zip, which fails to utilize the interrelation of nucleotide sequence. Recently, many researchers begin to investigate deep learning based gene data compression method. In this paper, we propose a transformer-based gene compression method named GeneFormer. Specifically, we first introduce a modified transformer structure to fully explore the nucleotide sequence dependency. Then, we propose fixed-length parallel grouping to accelerate the decoding speed of our autoregressive model. Experimental results on real-world datasets show that our method saves 29.7% bit rate compared with the state-of-the-art method, and the decoding speed is significantly faster than all existing learning-based gene compression methods.

Measuring and alleviating the discrepancies between the synthetic (source) and real scene (target) data is the core issue for domain adaptive semantic segmentation. Though recent works have introduced depth information in the source domain to reinforce the geometric and semantic knowledge transfer, they cannot extract the intrinsic 3D information of objects, including positions and shapes, merely based on 2D estimated depth. In this work, we propose a novel Geometry-Aware Network for Domain Adaptation (GANDA), leveraging more compact 3D geometric point cloud representations to shrink the domain gaps. In particular, we first utilize the auxiliary depth supervision from the source domain to obtain the depth prediction in the target domain to accomplish structure-texture disentanglement. Beyond depth estimation, we explicitly exploit 3D topology on the point clouds generated from RGB-D images for further coordinate-color disentanglement and pseudo-labels refinement in the target domain. Moreover, to improve the 2D classifier in the target domain, we perform domain-invariant geometric adaptation from source to target and unify the 2D semantic and 3D geometric segmentation results in two domains. Note that our GANDA is plug-and-play in any existing UDA framework. Qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate that our model outperforms state-of-the-arts on GTA5->Cityscapes and SYNTHIA->Cityscapes.

Jacobian and Hessian regularization aim to reduce the magnitude of the first and second-order partial derivatives with respect to neural network inputs, and they are predominantly used to ensure the adversarial robustness of image classifiers. In this work, we generalize previous efforts by extending the target matrix from zero to any matrix that admits efficient matrix-vector products. The proposed paradigm allows us to construct novel regularization terms that enforce symmetry or diagonality on square Jacobian and Hessian matrices. On the other hand, the major challenge for Jacobian and Hessian regularization has been high computational complexity. We introduce Lanczos-based spectral norm minimization to tackle this difficulty. This technique uses a parallelized implementation of the Lanczos algorithm and is capable of effective and stable regularization of large Jacobian and Hessian matrices. Theoretical justifications and empirical evidence are provided for the proposed paradigm and technique. We carry out exploratory experiments to validate the effectiveness of our novel regularization terms. We also conduct comparative experiments to evaluate Lanczos-based spectral norm minimization against prior methods. Results show that the proposed methodologies are advantageous for a wide range of tasks.

In this paper, we propose a novel multi-modal multi-task encoder-decoder pre-training framework (MMSpeech) for Mandarin automatic speech recognition (ASR), which employs both unlabeled speech and text data. The main difficulty in speech-text joint pre-training comes from the significant difference between speech and text modalities, especially for Mandarin speech and text. Unlike English and other languages with an alphabetic writing system, Mandarin uses an ideographic writing system where character and sound are not tightly mapped to one another. Therefore, we propose to introduce the phoneme modality into pre-training, which can help capture modality-invariant information between Mandarin speech and text. Specifically, we employ a multi-task learning framework including five self-supervised and supervised tasks with speech and text data. For end-to-end pre-training, we introduce self-supervised speech-to-pseudo-codes (S2C) and phoneme-to-text (P2T) tasks utilizing unlabeled speech and text data, where speech-pseudo-codes pairs and phoneme-text pairs are a supplement to the supervised speech-text pairs. To train the encoder to learn better speech representation, we introduce self-supervised masked speech prediction (MSP) and supervised phoneme prediction (PP) tasks to learn to map speech into phonemes. Besides, we directly add the downstream supervised speech-to-text (S2T) task into the pre-training process, which can further improve the pre-training performance and achieve better recognition results even without fine-tuning. Experiments on AISHELL-1 show that our proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance, with a more than 40% relative improvement compared with other pre-training methods.

尖峰神经网络（SNNS）模仿大脑计算策略，并在时空信息处理中表现出很大的功能。作为人类感知的基本因素，视觉关注是指生物视觉系统中显着区域的动态选择过程。尽管视觉注意力的机制在计算机视觉上取得了巨大成功，但很少会引入SNN中。受到预测注意重新映射的实验观察的启发，我们在这里提出了一种新的时空通道拟合注意力（SCTFA）模块，该模块可以通过使用历史积累的空间通道信息来指导SNN有效地捕获潜在的目标区域。通过在三个事件流数据集（DVS手势，SL-Animals-DVS和MNIST-DVS）上进行系统评估，我们证明了带有SCTFA模块（SCTFA-SNN）的SNN不仅显着超过了基线SNN（BL-SNN）（BL-SNN）（BL-SNN）以及其他两个具有退化注意力模块的SNN模型，但也通过现有最新方法实现了竞争精度。此外，我们的详细分析表明，所提出的SCTFA-SNN模型对噪声和出色的稳定性具有强大的稳健性，同时保持了可接受的复杂性和效率。总体而言，这些发现表明，适当纳入大脑的认知机制可能会提供一种有希望的方法来提高SNN的能力。

由于其稀疏和细长的性质，估算3D空间中准确的车道线仍然具有挑战性。在这项工作中，我们提出了M^2-3dlanenet，这是一个有效3D车道检测的多模式框架。旨在集成来自多传感器的互补信息，M^2-3dlanenet首先将多模式特征提取具有模态特异性骨架，然后将它们融合在统一的鸟眼视图（BEV）空间中。具体而言，我们的方法由两个核心组成部分组成。 1）要获得准确的2D-3D映射，我们提出了自上而下的BEV生成。其中，使用线条限制的变形（LRDA）模块可用于以自上而下的方式有效地增强图像特征，从而充分捕获车道的细长特征。之后，它使用深度感知的举重将2D锥体特征投入到3D空间中，并通过枕形生成BEV特征。 2）我们进一步提出了自下而上的BEV融合，该融合通过多尺度的级联注意力汇总了多模式特征，从而集成了来自摄像头和激光雷达传感器的互补信息。足够的实验证明了M^2-3dlanenet的有效性，该实验的有效性超过了先前的最先进方法，即在OpenLane数据集上提高了12.1％的F1-SCORE改善。

在这份技术报告中，我们介绍了数字写作助手（高效且智能编辑），该助手通过使用人工智能（AI）技术来促进用户更有效地编写更高质量的文本。以前的写作助理通常提供错误检查的功能（以检测和纠正拼写和语法错误）和有限的文本练习功能。随着大型神经语言模型的出现，一些系统支持自动完成句子或段落。在Effidit中，我们通过提供五个类别的功能来显着扩展写作助手的能力：文本完成，错误检查，文本抛光，关键字到句子（K2S）和云输入方法（Cloud IME）。在文本完成类别中，Effidit支持基于生成的句子完成，基于检索的句子完成和短语完成。相比之下，到目前为止，许多其他写作助理仅提供三个功能中的一两个。对于文本抛光，我们具有三个函数：（上下文感知）短语抛光，句子释义和句子扩展，而其他许多写作助手通常会在此类别中支持一两个功能。本报告的主要内容包括象征的主要模块，实施这些模块的方法以及一些关键方法的评估结果。

随着相机和激光雷达传感器捕获用于自主驾驶的互补信息，已经做出了巨大的努力，通过多模式数据融合来开发语义分割算法。但是，基于融合的方法需要配对的数据，即具有严格的点对像素映射的激光点云和相机图像，因为培训和推理的输入都严重阻碍了在实际情况下的应用。因此，在这项工作中，我们建议通过充分利用具有丰富外观的2D图像来提高对点云上的代表性学习的2D先验辅助语义分割（2DPass），以增强对点云的表示。实际上，通过利用辅助模态融合和多尺度融合到单个知识蒸馏（MSFSKD），2DAPS从多模式数据中获取更丰富的语义和结构信息，然后在线蒸馏到纯3D网络。结果，配备了2DAPS，我们的基线仅使用点云输入显示出显着的改进。具体而言，它在两个大规模的基准（即Semantickitti和Nuscenes）上实现了最先进的方法，其中包括TOP-1的semantickitti的单扫描和多次扫描竞赛。